Sains Malaysiana 54(4)(2025): 1025-1036

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5404-05

Profiling the Non-Targeted Proteins in Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix javanica) Quills to Identify the Wound Healing Potential Substance

(Memprofilkan Protein Tidak Bersasar pada Duri Landak Jawa (Hystrix javanica) untuk Mengenal Pasti Bahan Potensi Penyembuhan Luka)

MUHAMMAD DIRGA GIFARDI^1,2, LINA NOVIYANTI SUTARDI³, WARTIKA ROSA FARIDA⁴, ANDHIKA YUDHA PRAWIRA⁴, TULUS MAULANA⁴, MAULIDA MAZAYA⁵ & SRIHADI AGUNGPRIYONO^2,*

¹Veterinary Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90241, Indonesia

²Division of Anatomy Histology Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia

³Division of Veterinary Pharmacy, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia

⁴Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia

⁵Research Center for Computation, Research Organization for Electronic and Informatic, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia

Received: 7 October 2024/Accepted: 16 December 2024

Abstract

Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica) has quill as the main appendage of its skin and used as a means of self-defence against predators. In some regions of Indonesia, roasted porcupine quills are employed as a traditional remedy for dental pain and wound healing. This treatment is likely to use protein and other compounds in the quills that interact directly with tissues to produce pharmacological effects. The aim of this study was profiling the protein composition in the porcupine quills in order to screening the potential substances which helps improve wound healing. Natural detached porcupine quills were collected and extracted for total protein. The protein composition was identified using SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS instrument. The data were analyzed using bioinformatics approach. This study demonstrates that porcupine quills have a soluble protein concentration of 2.11 ± 1.14 mg/mL composed mainly of proteins with molecular weights of 245 kDa and 60 kDa. LC-MS/MS utilisation showed the presence of 19 suspected proteins, including keratin 1, 2, 5, 6a, 8, 10, 14, 17, and 84. Bioinformatic analysis showed that three proteins with more than 1 unique peptide were potentially affecting wound healing, which were Keratin Type II, cytoskeletal 1 (Keratin 1); Keratin Type II, cytoskeletal 6a (Keratin 6a); and Annexin. The results of study provide scientific evidence regarding the potential substance of porcupine quills to help improve wound healing.

Keywords: Annexin; bioinformatic; keratin; proteomic; wound healing

Abstrak

Landak Jawa (Hystrix javanica) mempunyai duri sebagai pelengkap utama kulitnya dan digunakan sebagai alat pertahanan diri terhadap pemangsa. Di sesetengah kawasan di Indonesia, duri landak panggang digunakan sebagai ubat tradisi untuk sakit gigi dan penyembuhan luka. Rawatan ini berkemungkinan menggunakan protein dan sebatian lain dalam duri yang berinteraksi secara langsung dengan tisu untuk menghasilkan kesan farmakologi. Matlamat kajian ini adalah memprofilkan komposisi protein pada duri landak untuk menyaring bahan berpotensi yang membantu meningkatkan penyembuhan luka. Duri landak gugur secara semula jadi dikumpul dan diekstrak untuk jumlah protein. Komposisi protein dikenal pasti menggunakan instrumen SDS-PAGE dan LC-MS/MS. Data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan bioinformatik. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa duri landak mempunyai kepekatan protein larut sebanyak 2.11 ± 1.14 mg/mL yang terdiri terutamanya daripada protein dengan berat molekul 245 kDa dan 60 kDa. Penggunaan LC-MS/MS menunjukkan kehadiran 19 protein yang disyaki, termasuk keratin 1, 2, 5, 6a, 8, 10, 14, 17 dan 84. Analisis bioinformatik mendedahkan bahawa tiga protein dengan lebih daripada 1 peptida unik berpotensi menjejaskan penyembuhan luka, iaitu Keratin Tipe II, sitoskeletal (Keratin 1); Keratin Jenis II, sitoskeletal 6a (Keratin 6a) dan Annexin. Hasil kajian memberikan bukti saintifik mengenai potensi bahan daripada duri landak untuk membantu meningkatkan penyembuhan luka.

Kata kunci: Annexin; bioinformatik; keratin; penyembuhan luka; proteomik

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*Corresponding author; email: ysrihadi@apps.ipb.ac.id